Skull and crossbones variations have been used by several

military forces A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

. The "

Jolly Roger Jolly Roger is the traditional English name for the flags flown to identify a pirate ship preceding or during an attack, during the early 18th century (the later part of the Golden Age of Piracy). The flag most commonly identified as the Jolly ...

", traditionally used by

pirates Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable goods. Those who conduct acts of piracy are called pirates, v ...

, has been used by submarines.

Usage

Naval warfare

The Jolly Roger is the name given to any of various flags flown to identify a ship's crew as pirates. Since the decline of piracy, various military units have used the Jolly Roger, usually in skull-and-crossbones design, as a unit identification insignia or a victory flag to ascribe to themselves the proverbial ferocity and toughness of pirates. HMS Utmost -1-

Admiral Sir Arthur Wilson VC, the Controller of the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...

, summed up the opinion of the many in the

Admiralty Admiralty most often refers to: *Admiralty, Hong Kong *Admiralty (United Kingdom), military department in command of the Royal Navy from 1707 to 1964 *The rank of admiral *Admiralty law Admiralty can also refer to: Buildings * Admiralty, Traf ...

at the time when in 1901 he said submarines were "underhand, unfair, and damned un-English. ... treat all submarines as pirates in wartime ... and hang all crews." In response, Lieutenant Commander (later Admiral Sir)

Max Horton Admiral Sir Max Kennedy Horton, (29 November 1883 – 30 July 1951) was a British submariner during the First World War and commander-in-chief of the Western Approaches in the later half of the Second World War, responsible for British partici ...

first flew the Jolly Roger on return to port after sinking the German cruiser and the destroyer in 1914 while in command of the E-class submarine .HMS Triumph and HMS Superb
In World War II it became common practice for the submarines of the Royal Navy to fly the Jolly Roger on completion of a successful combat mission where some action had taken place, but as an indicator of bravado and stealth rather than of lawlessness. The Jolly Roger is now the emblem of the

Royal Navy Submarine Service The Royal Navy Submarine Service is one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy. It is sometimes known as the Silent Service, as submarines are generally required to operate undetected. The service operates six fleet submarines ( SSNs) ...

. Three distinct U.S. Naval Aviation squadrons have used the name and insignia of the Jolly Roger:

VF-61 Fighter Squadron 61 (VF-61), the ''Jolly Rogers'', was a fighter squadron of the United States Navy. Originally established as VF-17 on 1 January 1943, it was redesignated as VF-5B on 15 November 1946, redesignated as VF-61 on 28 July 1948 it was ...

(originally VF-17),

VF-84 Fighter Squadron 84 or VF-84 was an aviation unit of the United States Navy. Originally established on 1 May 1944, it was disestablished on 8 October 1945. It was the first US Navy squadron to be designated as VF-84. Operational history VF-84 flew ...

, and VFA-103. While these are distinctly different squadrons that have no lineal linkage, they all share the same "Jolly Roger" name, the skull and crossbones insignia and traditions. The first incarnation of the "Jolly Rogers" was established on 1 January 1943 at

NAS Norfolk Naval Station Norfolk is a United States Navy base in Norfolk, Virginia, that is the headquarters and home port of the U.S. Navy's Fleet Forces Command. The installation occupies about of waterfront space and of pier and wharf space of the Hampt ...

, as VF-17, flying the

F4U Corsair The Vought F4U Corsair is an American fighter aircraft which saw service primarily in World War II and the Korean War. Designed and initially manufactured by Chance Vought, the Corsair was soon in great demand; additional production contract ...

. Inspired by the

piratical Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable goods. Those who conduct acts of piracy are called pirates, v ...

theme of the aircraft's name, VF-17's commanding officer Tommy Blackburn selected the Jolly Roger as the squadron's insignia. The current squadron to hold the name is the

VFA-103 Strike Fighter Squadron 103 (VFA-103), nicknamed the Jolly Rogers, is an aviation unit of the United States Navy established in 1952. VFA-103 flies the Boeing F/A-18F Super Hornet, F/A-18F Super Hornet and is based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virg ...

, Strike Fighter Squadron 103 (the "Jolly Rogers"), the skull and crossbones on all-black tails makes them easily identifiable. The

United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions The United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions (or commonly called Marine Division Recon) are the Special Operations Capable reconnaissance assets of Marine Air-Ground Task Force that provide division-level ground and amphibious rec ...

use

skull and crossbones A skull and crossbones is a symbol consisting of a human skull and two long bones crossed together under or behind the skull. The design originated in the Late Middle Ages as a symbol of death and especially as a ''memento mori'' on tombstones. ...

on their emblems, and so do several aviation squadrons in the Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps.

Land warfare

Hussar A hussar ( , ; hu, huszár, pl, husarz, sh, husar / ) was a member of a class of light cavalry, originating in Central Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The title and distinctive dress of these horsemen were subsequently widely ...

lancer A lancer was a type of cavalryman who fought with a lance. Lances were used for mounted warfare in Assyria as early as and subsequently by Persia, India, Egypt, China, Greece, and Rome. The weapon was widely used throughout Eurasia during the M ...

s and

dragoon Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat w ...

s became established types of military units, with their typical uniform patterns (and weapons and tactics) maintained in many armies. In

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

, during the independence battles, a paramilitary guerrilla group against the royal Spanish army composed mainly by bandits and civilians, called ''Los húsares de la muerte'' (''The Death Hussars'') wore a Skull with two crossed femurs on the neck of their jackets. In the

Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence ( et, Vabadussõda, literally "Freedom War"), also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Bolshevik westwa ...

the skull and crossbones were symbols of Kuperjanov's Partisan Battalion. The badge is still used in the Estonian Army by the Kuperjanov Battalion, for example 2007 in Iraq. Though not employing a black uniform, the skull and crossbones has been used by a succession of

regiments in the

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...

. This origin dates back to the 17th Light Dragoons, a unit raised in 1759 following

General Wolfe James Wolfe (2 January 1727 – 13 September 1759) was a British Army officer known for his training reforms and, as a major general, remembered chiefly for his victory in 1759 over the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec. ...

's death at Quebec, with an emblem of a death's head and the motto 'Or Glory' in commemoration of him. It was later used by the 17th/21st Lancers, the

Queen's Royal Lancers The Queen's Royal Lancers (QRL) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army. It was formed in 1993 and amalgamated with the 9th/12th Royal Lancers (Prince of Wales's) on 2 May 2015 to form the Royal Lancers. History The regiment was formed in ...

, and now the

Royal Lancers The Royal Lancers (Queen Elizabeths' Own) is a cavalry regiment of the British Army. The regiment was formed by an amalgamation of 9th/12th Royal Lancers (Prince of Wales's) and the Queen's Royal Lancers on 2 May 2015. It serves as the Formati ...

, who use the skull and crossbones as their Motto. They have also inherited the nickname of the 'Death or Glory Boys'.Joost Hølscher (Author, Illustrator): Death's Head, The History of the Military Skull & Crossbones Badge (The History of Uniform). 1st edition: Éditions Chamerelle 2013, . In 1792, a regiment of ''

Hussards de la Mort The Hussards de la Mort or Death Hussars were a French light cavalry company formed during the French Revolution. History On June 12, 1792 a squadron was created by the French Assembly formed from 200 volunteers. In July, Kellermann organi ...

'' (Death Hussars) was formed during the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

by the

French National Assembly The National Assembly (french: link=no, italics=set, Assemblée nationale; ) is the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (). The National Assembly's legislators are known a ...

and were organized and named by Kellerman. The group of 200 volunteers were from wealthy families and their horses were supplied from the King's Stables. They were formed to defend against various other European states in the wake of the revolution. They participated in the Battle of Valmy and its members also participated in the

Battle of Fleurus (1794) The Battle of Fleurus, on 26 June 1794, was an engagement during the War of the First Coalition, between the army of the First French Republic, under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, and the Coalition Army ( Britain, Hanover, Dutch Republic, and ...

. They had the following mottos: ''Vaincre ou mourir'', ''La liberté ou la mort'' and ''Vivre libre ou mourir'' - Victory or death; Freedom or death; and Live free or die. The 2nd Lancers Regiment of the

Portuguese Army The Portuguese Army ( pt, Exército Português) is the land component of the Armed Forces of Portugal and is also its largest branch. It is charged with the defence of Portugal, in co-operation with other branches of the Armed Forces. With its ...

also use the skull and crossbones as symbol and "Death or Glory" as motto, as the regiment was raised by a former colonel of the British 17th Lancers. During the

Russian Civil War , date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...

, the troops of the White Kornilov Division wore patches emblazoned with a skull and crossbones above a pair of crossed swords. When Hitler gained power, there were still uniforms that were black and with a rather large (≈10 cm) skull and crossbones on a black cap, but the pattern was adapted for the

Nazi SS The ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS; also stylized as ''ᛋᛋ'' with Armanen runes; ; "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe dur ...

service, with a "peaked cap" and a tiny skull and crossbones for the cap (≈2.5 cm). And in World War II,

troops made use of the "

Totenkopf ''Totenkopf'' (, i.e. ''skull'', literally "dead person's head") is the German word for the skull and crossbones symbol. The "skull and crossbones" symbol is an old international symbol for death, the defiance of death, danger, or the dead, as ...

" (

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

word for "dead man's head") as an insignia for another part of the uniform as well (in particular, the 3rd SS Division, which was a part of the larger

Waffen SS The (, "Armed SS") was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with volunteers and conscripts from both occupied and unoccupied lands. The grew from th ...

), and also by the similarly named World War II-era Luftwaffe's 54th Bomber Wing (''

Kampfgeschwader 54 ''Kampfgeschwader'' 54 "Totenkopf" (, KG 54) was a Luftwaffe bomber wing during World War II. It served on nearly all the fronts in the European Theatre where the German Luftwaffe operated. KG 54 was formed in May 1939. The bomber wing was equi ...

''). In the former

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...

, and especially

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

, the skull and crossbones was a prominent symbol used by the Serbian royalist and nationalist paramilitaries known as the

Chetniks The Chetniks ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Четници, Četnici, ; sl, Četniki), formally the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, and also the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland and the Ravna Gora Movement, was a Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationa ...

during the Second World War and the

Yugoslav Wars The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but related#Naimark, Naimark (2003), p. xvii. ethnic conflicts, wars of independence, and Insurgency, insurgencies that took place in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia from ...

.The Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, commonly known as the Chetniks (Serbo-Croatian: Četnici, Четници, pronounced ʃɛ̂tniːtsi Slovene: Četniki), was a World War II movement in Yugoslavia led by Draža Mihailović. The 3rd Infantry Division of the

Republic of Korea Army The Republic of Korea Army (ROKA; ko, 대한민국 육군; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍; RR: ''Daehanminguk Yuk-gun''), also known as the ROK Army or South Korean Army, is the army of South Korea, responsible for ground-based warfare. It is the l ...

used skull and crossbones symbol on their division symbol patch.

Aerial warfare

Fighter aircraft of both the Allied Powers and the

Central Powers The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...

occasionally made use of the a

emblem in

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, either by itself or as part of a more complex insignia, more often by individual pilots, and in rare instances, by entire aviation units, for example, No 100 Sqn Royal Air Force. The most memorable of these insignia were on the series of French fighter aircraft flown by French 43-victory

flying ace A flying ace, fighter ace or air ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The exact number of aerial victories required to officially qualify as an ace is varied, but is usually co ...

Charles Nungesser. All of his aircraft featured his personal "black heart" insignia on the sides of the aircraft's fuselage. The Nungesser insignia centered on a skull and crossbones accompanied by a coffin directly above the skull, and flanked with single candlesticks, all within the black heart-shaped field.Smithsonian NASM's online article "Knight of Death" Airplane Insignia", focusing on Nungesser
/ref>

Death symbol bans

In 2018 the incoming Australian Defence Force chief Lt. Gen. Angus Campbell banned the use of so-called death symbols because they are "at odds with Army's values and the ethical force we seek to build and sustain." The death symbols that were banned in

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

include the

, the comic book characters

Phantom Phantom may refer to: * Spirit (animating force), the vital principle or animating force within all living things ** Ghost, the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living Aircraft * Boeing Phantom Ray, a stealthy un ...

and

Punisher The Punisher (Francis "Frank" Castle, born Castiglione) is an antihero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer Gerry Conway and artists John Romita Sr. and Ross Andru. The Punisher made ...

, as well as the

Grim Reaper Death is frequently imagined as a personified force. In some mythologies, a character known as the Grim Reaper (usually depicted as a berobed skeleton wielding a scythe) causes the victim's death by coming to collect that person's soul. Other b ...

Image gallery

File:Hatzerim 270416 Avia.jpg,

101 Squadron (Israel) 101 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force, also known as the First Fighter Squadron, is Israel's first fighter squadron, formed on May 20, 1948, six days after Israel declared its independence. Initially flying the Avia S-199, it has since operated t ...

Israeli Air Force File:Mv kuperjanov.jpg,

Kuperjanov Infantry Battalion The Kuperjanov Infantry Battalion ( et, Kuperjanovi jalaväepataljon) is a battalion of the Estonian Land Forces. It is a part of the 2nd Infantry Brigade. Battalion headquarters is at Taara Army Base, Võru. History Estonian War of Independen ...

, Estonian Defence Forces File:Flag of the Iron Division Freikorps.svg, Iron Division File:AugustvonMackensen.jpg, Field Marshal

August von Mackensen Anton Ludwig Friedrich August von Mackensen (born Mackensen; 6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), ennobled as "von Mackensen" in 1899, was a German field marshal. He commanded successfully during World War I of 1914–1918 and became one of t ...

with Deaths Head Hussars insignia File:Husarenmütze.PNG, 17th Brunswick Hussar Regiment, Prussia. File:Black Hussars Emblem.gif, Officer's of Alexandrya Hussars Regiment Emblem File:Cap badge of the Polish Storm Detachment during Silesian Uprisings.PNG, Polish Storm Detachment during Silesian Risings File:Odznaka Dywizjonu Huzarów Śmierci wz. 1920 - replika.jpg, The "death's head" was the sign of

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...

''Death

Divisions'' from 1920 (

Polish–Soviet War The Polish–Soviet War (Polish–Bolshevik War, Polish–Soviet War, Polish–Russian War 1919–1921) * russian: Советско-польская война (''Sovetsko-polskaya voyna'', Soviet-Polish War), Польский фронт (' ...

) File:Braunschweiger Totenkopf.jpg, Braunschweiger Totenkopf File:Kampfwagen-Erinnerungsabzeichen.jpg, The

Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is al ...

's Kampfwagen-Erinnerungsabzeichen File:KG54 Totenkopf.svg,

File:SS Totenkopf 1923-34.gif, The traditional ''"Danziger" Totenkopf'' worn by the SS 1923-34 File:3rd SS Division Logo.svg, 3rd SS Division File:SS Kragenspiegel rechts Mannschaften und Unterführer Totenkopfverbände02.jpg, SS Death's Head Patch File:Знак Корниловского полка.jpg, Kornilov Shock Regiment insignia File:Richard Worley Flag.svg, 4th Commando Brigade, Biafra. File:Bope Rio de Janeiro Insignia.png, Special Police Operations Battalion, Brazil. File:RCAF 428 Ghost Squadron, issued before 1956.jpg, No. 428 Squadron, Canada. File:MRodriguez.JPG, Death's Hussars, Chile. File:Kevyt osasto 4 kypärä.JPG, 4th Light Detachment, Finland. File:Hussard de la mort.JPG, Death's Hussars, France. File:Flottille 14F.png, 14F Squadron, France. File:Mirage 2000 DSC04162.JPG, 2/2 Fighter Squadron, France. File:36th CDO Patch.svg, Charlie Company, 36th Commando Battalion, Iraq. File:Moschettieriducemvsn.jpg, The Duce's Musketeers, Italy. File:Black Brigades Helmet.jpg, Black Brigades, Italy. File:Flag of the Blackshirts.svg, Blackshirts, Italy File:Bandera Doliente de Hidalgo del Regimiento de la Muerte.jpg, Death's Regiment, Mexico. File:Philippine revolution flag llanera.png, General Llanera personal flag, Philippines. File:SF Riverine Badge.jpg, Special Forces, Philippines. File:Paulo Portas with Donald Rumsfeld 09.JPEG, 2nd Lancers Regiment, Portugal. File:Kornilov regiment shoulder marks.jpg, Kornilov Assault Regiment, Russia. File:Patch of the Varyag Battalion.svg, Varyag Battalion, Donetsk People's Republic. File:3rd Infantry Division (South Korea) New.png, 3rd Infantry Division, South Korea. File:Coat of Arms of the 8th Light Armoured Cavalry Regiment Lusitania.svg, 8th Lusitania Cavalry Regiment, Spain. File:Syrian Republican Guard SSI.svg, Republican Guard, Syria. File:STEMMA DEL MACVSOG.jpg, Military Assistance Command Vietnam - Studies and Observation Group, United States. File:2-135 Blackjacks OIF 06-08 patch.jpg, 2nd Battalion, 135th Aviation Regiment, United States. File:1st Fighter Squadron.png, 1st Fighter Squadron, United States. File:4 Fighter Sq emblem (World War II).png, 4th Fighter Squadron, United States. File:6th Night Fighter Squadron - Emblem.png, 6th Night Fighter Squadron, United States. File:13th Bomb Squadron.jpg, 13th Bomb Squadron, USAF – inherited from 13th Aero Squadron. File:15th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron - Emblem.jpg, 15th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, United States. File:16 Airlift Sq SOF.jpg, 16th Airlift Squadron, United States. File:16th Special Operations Squadron.jpg, 16th Special Operations Squadron, United States. File:Emblem of the 24th Intelligence Sq (USAF).jpg, 24th Intelligence Squadron, United States. File:31st Test and Evaluation Squadron.png, 31st Test and Evaluation Squadron, United States. File:71 Fighter Sq emblem.png, 71st Fighter Squadron, United States. File:85 Fighter Sq emblem.png, 85th Fighter Squadron, United States. File:85th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 85th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:89th Flying Training Squadron.jpg, 89th Flying Training Squadron, United States. File:PEF 1991 PATCH.jpg, 90th Tactical Fighter Squadron, United States. File:92d fighter-interceptor sq-patch.jpg, 92nd Tactical Fighter Squadron, United States. File:95 Fighter Sq.jpg, 95th Fighter Squadron, United States. File:128th Bomb Squadron -B1 Morale Patch.png, 128th Bomb Squadron, United States. File:132d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron - Emblem.png, 132nd Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, United States. File:164th Airlift Squadron 60th Anniversary patch.png, 164th Airlift Squadron, United States. File:190 Fighter Squadron emblem.svg, 190th Fighter Squadron, United States. File:310th Fighter Squadron.jpg, 310th Fighter Squadron, United States. File:319th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 319th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:320th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 320th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:321st Bombardment Squadron - Emblelm.png, 321st Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:328th Fighter Squadron - World War II - Emblem.jpg, 328th Fighter Squadron, United States. File:348th Night Fighter Squadron - Emblem.png, 348th Night Fighter Squadron, United States. File:351st Fighter Squadron - Emblem - World War II.png, 351st Fighter Squadron, United States. File:359th Fighter Squadron - World War II - Emblem.jpg, 359th Fighter Squadron, United States. File:363d Fighter Squadron - World War II - Emblem.jpg, 363rd Fighter Squadron, United States. File:365th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 365th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:366th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 366th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:367th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 367th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:375th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 375th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:392d Fighter Squadron - World War II - Emblem.png, 392nd Fighter Squadron, United States. File:399th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 399th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:400th Bomb Sq emblem.png, 400th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:Peacekeepermissileuniform.jpg, 400th Missile Squadron, United States. File:402d Fighter Squadron - Emblem - World War II.png, 402nd Fighter Squadron, United States. File:416th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 416th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:416th Night Fighter Squadron.png, 416th Night Fighter Squadron, United States File:423d Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 423rd Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:428th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 428th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:428th Fighter Squadron.jpg, 428th Fighter Squadron, United States. File:447th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 447th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:490th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 490th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:493d Fighter Squadron.jpg, 493rd Fighter Squadron, United States. File:508th Fighter Squadron - World War II - Emblem.png, 508th Fighter Squadron, United States. File:509th Tactical Fighter Squadron - USAFE - Emblem.png, 509th Tactical Fighter Squadron, United States. File:512 Rescue Sq.jpg, 512th Rescue Squadron, United States. File:522 Fighter-Bomber Sq emblem.png, 522nd Fighter-Bomber Squadron, United States. File:527th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 527th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:533d Training Squadron.PNG, 533rd Training Squadron, United States. File:552d Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 552nd Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:561st Fighter-Day Squadron - Emblem.png, 561st Fighter-Day Squadron, United States. File:587th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 587th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:640th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 640th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:716th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 716th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:766th Bombardment Squadron - emblem.png, 766th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:816th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron - Emblem.png, 816th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron, United States. File:828th Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png, 828th Bombardment Squadron, United States. File:2872d Test Squadron.PNG, 2872nd Test Squadron, United States. File:5th Bomb Wing Crest.png, 5th Bomb Wing, United States. File:90th-bombgroup-WWII-patch.png, 90th Bomb Group, United States. File:400th Bombardment Group - Emblem.png, 400th Bombardment Group, United States. File:VMAQ-1 patch.png, VMAQ-1, United States. File:MCS149.jpg, VMAQ-2, United States. File:VMU-2 new insignia.png, VMU-2, United States.. File:VFA-2 Emblem.svg, VFA-2, United States. File:All Weather Fighter Squadron 3 (US Navy) patch.png, VFAW-3, United States. File:Vmo4 insig.jpg, VMO-4, United States File:USN VA-12 emblem.png, VA-12, United States. File:VF-20 Feb 1946.jpeg, VF-20, United States. File:Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-34 Insignia.jpg, VFA-34, United States. File:Vf17 member.jpg, VF-61, United States. File:Insignia of VA-93.jpg, VA-93, United States. File:Insignia of u s navy VB-20 VA-9A VA-94.jpg, VA-94, United States. File:Vf-101 grim reapers tomcat tail.jpg, VF-101, United States. File:VFA-103 Emblem.svg, VFA-103, United States. File:Vf142ghost.jpg, VF-142, United States. File:VFA-151 Emblem.svg, VFA-151, United States. File:VF-171 screamin deamons aces.jpeg, VF-171, United States. File:Attack Squadron 133 Insignia (US Navy).jpg, VA-133, United States. File:Insignia of u s navy va-155.jpg, VA-155, United States. File:Second insignia of u s navy VA-175.jpg, VA-175, United States. File:Insignia of usnr va-304 firebirds.png, VA-304, United States. File:Vp26.jpg, VP-26, United States. File:Vq-11.gif, VQ-11, United States. File:Sea Control Squadron 32 (US Navy) insignia 2001.png, VS-32, United States. File:VFA-115original patch.jpg, VT-11, United States. File:1-9 new battalion logo.jpg, 1st Battalion, 9th Marines, United States. File:2-9 insignia current as of 2010.jpg, 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines, United States. File:MARINERAIDERS.png,

Marine Raider The Marine Raiders are special operations forces originally established by the United States Marine Corps during World War II to conduct amphibious light infantry warfare. " Edson's" Raiders of 1st Marine Raider Battalion and " Carlson's" Rai ...

, United States. File:MCSOCOM detachment one insignia.jpg, MCSOCOM, United States. File:MarDiv Recon.png,

, United States. File:1st Recon Bn Color.jpg,

1st Reconnaissance Battalion 1st Reconnaissance Battalion (abbreviated as 1st Recon Bn) is a reconnaissance battalion in the United States Marine Corps. It is a stand-alone battalion with no parent regiment. Instead, it falls directly under the command of the 1st Marine ...

, United States. File:2ndReconBnLogo.png, 2nd Reconnaissance Battalion, United States. File:3rdreconbatt.svg, 3rd Reconnaissance Battalion, United States. File:4thReconBattalioninsignia.png, 4th Reconnaissance Battalion, United States. File:5th Recon Bn logo.jpg, 5th Reconnaissance Battalion, United States. File:USMC Amphib Recon.png, Marine Amphibious Reconnaissance, United States. File:1stLAR logo.jpg, 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, United States. File:2NDLAR.png, 2nd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, United States. File:2DLAR Delta Company Logo.jpg, D Company, 2nd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, United States. File:Third Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion Emblem, 2012.png, 3rd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, United States. File:VMF-113.JPG, VMF-113, United States. File:VMF114-deathdealers.svg, VMF(AW)-114, United States. File:Vma124 insig.jpg, VMA-124, United States. File:Hmm164 insig.jpg, HMM-164, United States. File:VMF-225 WWII Logo.jpg, VMF-225, United States. File:VMSB-233 WWII Logo.jpg, VMSB-233, United States. File:Vmsb244.jpg, VMSB-244, United States. File:MWSS-274 new insignia.png, MWSS-274 File:HMLA-369 insignia.PNG, HMLA-369, United States. File:VMF-471.JPG, VMF-471, United States. File:Vmf514 insig.jpg, VMF-514, United States. File:VMF-524insignia.PNG, VMF-524, United States. File:VMFA-531.gif, VMFA-531, United States. File:VMTB-621 WWII Logo.jpg, VMTB-621, United States. File:MALS-40 insignia from Afghanistan as JPEG.jpg, MALS-40, United States. File:XX284 CA Hawk T.1 of 100 Squadron (3369429313).jpg, No. 100 Squadron RAF

References

{{Reflist Military symbols Heraldic charges